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Research Article

Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of gas-phase toluene onto char produced from almond shells

Sinan Kutluay, Orhan Baytar, Ömer Şahin

Department of Chemical Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey

Keywords

Abstract


Adsorption; 

Char; 

Isotherms; 

Kinetics; 

Thermodynamics; 

Toluene

Toluene is the primary material in chemical process industries and is often used as a raw material in the production of many chemicals and as a solvent in many engineering processes. In this study, the material of char, which is used as an adsorbent, was produced from almond shells. The adsorption process of gas-phase toluene onto char was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The structure of the char was characterized by BET and FTIR. The influences of adsorption parameters such as nitrogen (N2) flow rate as the gas-phase toluene carrier, char amount, gas-phase toluene concentration at the inlet and the adsorption temperature on both the adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency were examined. It was found that the adsorption of the gas-phase toluene onto char could be well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the results indicated that the adsorption process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of the char was determined as 15.42 mg g-1 for 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG° = -7.93 kJ mol-1, ΔH°= -17.18 kJ mol-1, ΔS°= -0.013 kJ mol-1 K-1 showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and physical. The results showed that the material of char produced from almond shells could be used as a biosorbent to remove the material of gas-phase toluene from various industrial and natural sources through the adsorption method© 2019 MIM Research Group. All rights reserved.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2019.73en1122                          Full Text

LATEST News


27/12/2022 Reviewer Awards: The winners of 2022 reviewer awards of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM) are announced. More information can be found at Reviewer Awards section. 


23/12/2022 Best Paper Award: According to the Advisory Board decision, the paper authored by Nitin Kumar, Michele Barbato, Erika L. Rengifo-López and Fabio Matta entitled as “Capabilities and limitations of existing finite element simplified micro-modeling techniques for unreinforced masonry” is awarded the 2022 Best Paper Award of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM). 

23/12/2022 Most Cited Paper Award:  According to the Editorial Board evaluation, the paper authored by Aykut Elmas, Güliz Akyüz, Ayhan Bergal, Müberra Andaç and Ömer Andaç entitled as “Mathematical modelling of drug release" is awarded the 2022 Most Cited Paper Award of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM). 


13/04/2022 Fraudulent Emails Impersonating Our Journal: We noticed that some emails are sent to some people impersonating our journal staff as sender and requesting recipients to follow some links. Our journal and staff has nothing to do with these emails and please do not follow the given links. Senders seem to have malicious aims. The emails include a portion of some of our previous emails to the journal users and researchers. This is only to deceive the receiver and make them trust the email. Do not follow any links or perform suspicious actions specified in these emails. Please, check the sender info carefully. Even the sender address or name resembles the journal related words they are different, generally in an easily noticeable way.


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LATEST AWARDS


2022 Reviewer Awards:

Please, visit Reviewer Awards section for the winners of the 2022 RESM reviewer awards.


2022 Best Paper Award:

The paper authored by Nitin Kumar, Michele Barbato, Erika L. Rengifo-López and Fabio Matta entitled as “Capabilities and limitations of existing finite element simplified micro-modeling techniques for unreinforced masonry” is awarded the 


2022 Most Cited Paper Award:

The paper authored by Aykut Elmas, Güliz Akyüz, Ayhan Bergal, Müberra Andaç and Ömer Andaç entitled as “Mathematical modelling of drug release" is awarded the


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